Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2012 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 6 Articles
Background: The use of fluorides for caries prevention is well established but is linked with an increased risk of\r\ndental fluorosis, some of which may be considered to be aesthetically objectionable. Patient opinion should be\r\nconsidered when determining impact on aesthetics. The aim of this study was to assess participant rating of dental\r\naesthetics (from photographic images) of 11 to 13 year olds participating in an epidemiological caries and fluorosis\r\nsurvey in a fluoridated and a non-fluoridated community in Northern England.\r\nMethods: Consented participants were invited to rank in order of preference (appearance) a collage of 10\r\ncomputer generated images on a touch-screen laptop. The images comprised an assortment of presentations of\r\nteeth that included white teeth, a spectrum of developmental defects of enamel and dental caries. Data were\r\ncaptured directly and exported into SPSS for analysis.\r\nResults: Data were available for 1553 participants. In general, there were no significant differences in the rank\r\npositions between the fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities, with the exception of teeth with caries and\r\nteeth with large demarcated opacities. Very white teeth had the highest rating in both localities. Overall, there was\r\na trend for teeth with fluorosis to be ranked more favourably in the fluoridated community; for TF 1 and TF 2 this\r\npreference was significant (p < 0.001).\r\nConclusions: The results of this study suggest teeth that are uniformly very white have the highest preference.\r\nThe rankings suggest teeth with a fluorosis score of TF 1 may not be considered aesthetically objectionable to this\r\npopulation and age group. The image depicting a tooth with caries and the image with large demarcated\r\nopacities were deemed to be the least favoured. Participant preference of images depicting fluorosis falls with\r\nincreasing severity of fluorosis....
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of mucosal thickness on the stress pattern around implants and movement of\r\nimplant-supported overdentures with ball/female and three different types of magnetic attachments. After insertion of two rootform\r\nimplants into a mandibular model, the surface of the model was covered with a 1.5- or 3-mm layer of impression material\r\nto simulate the oral mucosa, and removable overdentures were fabricated on each model. A 50-N vertical force was applied to the\r\nright first molar, and the resultant stress distribution and denture movement were measured. In the 1.5-mm mucosal model, the\r\nmagnetic attachments showed significantly lower bending moments than did the ball attachment. The denture base displacement\r\nwas the lowest on a magnetic attachment. In this study, use of magnetic attachments could be advantageous for mandibular\r\nimplant-supported overdentures based on lower stress and better denture stability especially in the thin mucosalmodel....
Introduction. This review is intended to highlight and discuss discrepancies in the literature of the periodontal ligament�s (PDL)\nmechanical properties and the various experimental approaches used to measure them. Methods. Searches were performed\non biomechanical and orthodontic publications (in databases: Compendex, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and\nScopus). Results. The review revealed that significant variations exist, some on the order of six orders of magnitude, in the PDL�s\nelastic constants and mechanical properties. Possible explanations may be attributable to different experimental approaches and\nassumptions. Conclusions. The discrepancies highlight the need for further research into PDL properties under various clinical\nand experimental loading conditions. Better understanding of the PDL�s biomechanical behavior under physiologic and traumatic\nloading conditions might enhance the understanding of the PDL�s biologic reaction in health and disease. Providing a greater\ninsight into the response of the PDL would be instrumental to orthodontists and engineers for designing more predictable, and\ntherefore more efficacious, orthodontic appliances....
Background: Different fluoride formulations may have different effects on caries prevention. It was the aim of this\r\nclinical study to assess the fluoride content, provided by NaF compared to amine fluoride, in saliva and plaque.\r\nMethods: Eight trained volunteers brushed their teeth in the morning for 3 minutes with either NaF or amine\r\nfluoride, and saliva and 3-day-plaque-regrowth was collected at 5 time intervals during 6 hours after tooth\r\nbrushing. The amount of collected saliva and plaque was measured, and the fluoride content was analysed using a\r\nfluoride sensitive electrode. All subjects repeated all study cycles 5 times, and 3 cycles per subject underwent\r\nstatistical analysis using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.\r\nResults: Immediately after brushing the fluoride concentration in saliva increased rapidly and dropped to the\r\nbaseline level after 360 minutes. No difference was found between NaF and amine fluoride. All plaque fluoride\r\nlevels were elevated after 30 minutes until 120 minutes after tooth brushing, and decreasing after 360 minutes to\r\nbaseline. According to the highly individual profile of fluoride in saliva and plaque, both levels of bioavailability\r\ncorrelated for the first 30 minutes, and the fluoride content of saliva and plaque was back to baseline after 6 hours.\r\nConclusions: Fluoride levels in saliva and plaque are interindividually highly variable. However, no significant\r\ndifference in bioavailability between NaF and amine fluoride, in saliva, or in plaque was found....
Background: The Amazon represents an area of 61% of Brazilian territory and is undergoing major changes\r\nresulting from disorderly economic development, especially the advance of agribusiness. Composition of the\r\natmosphere is controlled by several natural and anthropogenic processes, and emission from biomass burning is\r\none with the major impact on human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxic potential of air\r\npollutants generated by biomass burning through micronucleus assay in exfoliated buccal cells of schoolchildren in\r\nthe Brazilian Amazon region.\r\nMethods: The study was conducted during the dry seasons in two regions of the Brazilian Amazon. The assay was\r\ncarried out on buccal epithelial cells of 574 schoolchildren between 6-16 years old.\r\nResults: The results show a significant difference between micronucleus frequencies in children exposed to\r\nbiomass burning compared to those in a control area.\r\nConclusions: The present study demonstrated that in situ biomonitoring using a sensitive and low cost assay\r\n(buccal micronucleus assay) may be an important tool for monitoring air quality in remote regions. It is difficult to\r\nattribute the increase in micronuclei frequency observed in our study to any specific toxic element integrated in\r\nthe particulate matters. However, the contribution of the present study lies in the evidence that increased\r\nexposure to fine particulate matter generates an increased micronuclei frequency in oral epithelial cells of\r\nschoolchildren....
Background: There are limited data about the epidemiology and risk factors/indicators of gingivitis, aggressive\r\nperiodontitis (AgP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) in Jordan. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and\r\nrisk indicators of gingivitis, AgP and CP.\r\nMethods: A sample of 595 subjects was randomly selected from subjects escorting out-patients attending a\r\nMedical Center, a Dental Teaching Hospital, and 2 private dental clinics. The socio-demographic variables, oral\r\nhygiene habits, income, smoking and Body Mass Index (BMI) were recorded. Full mouth periodontal examination\r\nwas performed, and radiographs were taken for sites with probing depth > 3 mm.\r\nResults: About 76% had gingivitis, 2.2% had AgP and 5.5% had CP. Periodontitis was more frequent among males\r\nthan females with a M: F ratio of 1.6:1 and the prevalence increased with age. Subjects who reported not using a\r\ntooth brush, smokers and subjects with BMI > 30 kg/m2 had significantly higher prevalence of periodontitis. The\r\nrisk for periodontitis was greater among subjects who reported positive family history and subjects with = 12 years\r\nof education.\r\nConclusions: This is the first study to report on the prevalence of gingivitis, CP and AgP in North Jordanian. Age,\r\nlow education, low frequency of tooth brushing and family history were significantly associated with increased risk\r\nof periodontitis....
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